Marian Breland Bailey
Robert E. Bailey
Keller Breland
B. F. Skinner
A Brief History
Marian and
Keller Breland worked
with noted psychologist B. F. Skinner while they were students in Skinners
lab in the 1930s and 1940s. They helped Skinner develop many of his ideas
and practices in "operant" psychology. For example, they helped him in the
famous Pigeon in a Pelican project, in which they taught pigeons to guide
bombs dropped from planes. In the 1940s, the Brelands began Animal
Behavior Enterprises. ABE was a commercial venture based on the
conditioning of animal behavior through positive reinforcement. In 1951,
their successes were published in "A New Field of Applied Animal
Psychology" in the American Psychologist. In 1955, the Brelands
opened the IQ Zoo in Hot Springs, Arkansas. The IQ Zoo
housed chickens that walked tightropes, dispensed souvenirs to paying
customers, danced to music, and played baseball. Rabbits kissed their
girlfriends, rode fire trucks, sounded sirens, and rolled wheels of
fortune. Ducks played drums and pianos, while raccoons played
basketball. At its height ABE employed over 40 persons. With her staff,
Marian applied operant conditioning to over 150 species. ABE's commercial
clients included U.S. theme parks, oceanariums, the U. S. military, and
large companies. Keller died in 1965, only four years after they
published their classic article on behavior, "The Misbehavior of
Organisms" in the American Psychologist. In 1976, Marian married
Robert E. Bailey, an accomplished animal trainer. Together, the two of
them continued this remarkable work, applying the powerful technology of
behavior analysis to ever more species and more amazing tasks and
behaviors. |